CURRENT PREVALENCERATE OF ESBL PRODUCTION IN SALMONELLA TYPHI AMONG MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT (MDR) STRAINS AT CITI LAB AND RESEARCH CENTER (CRC)

Abstract

Background: This study is conducted to establish the epidemiology ofrate of occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production among multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhi isolates during the whole period of the year.

Methods: Among the 327 blood cultures samples 153 found to be MDR S.typhi isolates. For the identification of isolates API-20 E system was used, and Kirby-Bauer method of disc diffusion for antibiotic sensitivitywas applied. Double-disc synergy test was performed to check ESBL-production.

Results: Susceptibility among anti-typhoid drugs of first-line was as follows: chloramphenicol (27.3%), ampicillin (21.8%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (18.8%). Among the quinolone ciprofloxacin susceptibility was lower at 31.5%. The number of MDR S. typhi isolates significantly increased from Jan 2020 to December 2024. Only five isolate 3.0% were identified as an ESBL producer.

Conclusion: Throughout the yeartyphoid fever stays endemic. The highest incidence was observedduring hot seasons and was lowest in chilly season Although cephalosporins of 3^rd generation have decreased the incidence of MDR S. Typhi. These cephalosporins, along with gentamycin and carbapenems were highly effective for MDRS. typhi.