EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STATISTICS OF FMD VIRUS SEROTYPES A, O AND ASIA-1 IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN DURING 2014-2019

Abstract

Foot and Mouth Disease is an endemic disease and three serotypes (A, O, Asia-1) are prevalent in Pakistan. The present study shows the frequency of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) serotypes (A, O, Asia-1) in Punjab Province of Pakistan by using antigenic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). This study was conducted from 2014-2019 by using a total of 184 epithelial samples from field. Out of 184 samples, 106 samples showed positive results. Out of three serotypes, serotype „A‟ was the most prevalent (39.62%) followed by serotype „O‟ (33.96%) while the least prevalent was serotype Asia-1 (26.41%). It was marked that no other serotype of FMD reported during this study. This study also described the year wise prevalence of three prevailing FMD serotypes (A, O, Asia-1). During year 2014, the serotype „A‟ was more prevalent (95.83%) followed by serotype „Asia-1‟ (4.16%) while no case of serotype „O‟ was found. During year 2015, the prevalence trend was almost the same as in 2014. In this year, serotype „A‟ was 55.55% while serotype „Asia-1‟ 37.03% followed by the least prevalent serotype „O‟ as 7.40%. During year 2016, 19 positive cases were reported from which the maximum prevalence was serotype „O‟ and „Asia-1‟ (42.10%) followed by serotype „A‟ (15.78%) as least prevalent. During year 2017, the positive cases for FMD increased remarkably i.e. 29 in number. This year serotype „O‟ was highest in number with prevalence 75.86%, and serotype „Asia-1‟ 20.68% whereas only one case reported for serotype „A‟ with only 3.44% prevalence. During year 2018 and 2019, only 7 cases described with no evident case of
serotype „A‟. During these two years 4 cases of serotype „O‟ were observed followed by 3 cases of serotype „Asia-1‟.