IMPACT OF SAND MIXING ON SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF KALA SHAH KAKU (KSK), LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Settlement of subsoil is the main cause of structural damages which requires costly and cumbersome remedial measures. Among available stabilization techniques, mixing of sand is one of the viable option to control the settlement of problematic soil.In this paper, settlement analysis is performed by stabilizing clayey soil of KSK, Lahore, Pakistan and observed the effect of mixing various percentages of sands on samples 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet depth. Basic soil classification was carried out with consolidation tests which were performed on undisturbed and disturbed samples at 2, 3, 4, and 5 feet depth. Effect of mixing sand on consolidation characteristics and its impact on settlement of KSK soil was analyzed. Results were compiled in a spreadsheet using the consolidation parameters determined above. It was found that compressibility characteristics, i.e., compression index ‘Cc’, coefficient of compressibility ‘av’, coefficient of volume compressibility ‘mv’, decrease 12% to 30% as the %age of sand increases from 5% to 25%. The coefficient of primary consolidation ‘Cv’ decreases 15% to 38% with sand content varying from 5% to 25%. Consolidation settlement reduces between 11% to 64% for sand content varying from 5% to 25%..