Comparison of emissions from different Brick Kiln Technologies in Punjab Pakistan

Abstract

This study investigates the environmental emissions from different brick kiln technologies, including Fixed Chimney Bull's Trench Kiln (FCBTK), Zigzag (High Draught), Natural Draught Zigzag, and Improper Zigzag Technology. The results show significant variations in particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions, as well as emission loads of multiple pollutants. The Zigzag is identified as an environmentally friendly and low emission technology as compared to FCBTK and improper Zigzag technologies.