COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND PAKISTAN

Abstract

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a vital instrument for fostering sustainable development ensuring the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of impacts on the environment caused by developmental projects. In comparison, developed countries like the United Kingdom (UK) have a well-established EIA framework as a mandatory practice contradictory to developing nations like Pakistan, who are still striving to strengthen the EIA process. Despite this status of development, both countries share the global responsibility of preserving the environment. The current research critically compares the EIA evaluation methods in the UK and Pakistan by examining the Environmental Statements (EA) from the UK and baseline studies from Pakistan. It focuses on the areas where the system differs by analyzing essential steps such as screening, scoping, alternative analysis, EIA report preparation, decision-making, and monitoring. Wood's Model and Lee and Colley's (1992) Review Package are employed to evaluate the quality of the EIA conducting process. Findings indicate that the UK‘s EIA framework is robust and effectively integrated into project planning to ensure informed decision-making. While Pakistan‘s EIA framework, in contrast, is facing challenges such as technical deficiencies and weak enforcement, leading to limited capacity in assessing and addressing environmental impacts. Focus on the gaps in Pakistan‘s EIA framework is crucial in aligning with international standards to achieve sustainable development by embracing lessons from the UK.