INSIGHT OF PANDEMIC COVID-19: DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES

Authors

  • M. A. Muneer Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan
  • M. Arshad Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan
  • G. Abbas Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-994X
  • Maria Arshad Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan
  • K. Munir Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan
  • A. Iqbal Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan
  • A. Mustafa 1Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan, 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
  • Q. Amin Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan
  • M. A. Khan Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan
  • R. A. M. Qureshi Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Pakistan.
  • Suhaila-al-Sheboul Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 221 10, Jordan
  • F. Siddique 4Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63 100, Pakistan
  • S. Tamim Department of Virology/Immunology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
  • I. A. Sheikh WHO European Centre for Preparedness for Humanitarian and Health Emergencies.
  • Q. U. Ain Virtual University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
  • U. Mahboob Virtual University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
  • S. Jaffery Department of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 37000, Pakistan.
  • A. J. Tanveer Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 291 1 1, Pakistan
  • Abdulbasit Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.831

Keywords:

COVID-19, Epidemiology, Zoonosis, Characteristics, Preventive Measures.

Abstract

This review focuses on the characteristics of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)
including virus structure, ecoepidemiology and pathophysiology, signs and symptoms in infected
people, and data on virus pathogenicity, severity, and survivability in COVID-19 infected patients. The
emphasis is on immunological reactions, diagnosis, prophylactic methods, and the zoonotic
significance of COVID-19. The authors feel that the review's contents will be valuable to
epidemiologists, virologists, public health officials, diagnosticians, laboratory workers,
environmentalists, and socioeconomic experts. It has information on the many types of coronavirus
variants, the disease situation in Pakistan and the WHO criteria for COVID-19 prevention is given.
Moreover, lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic are also outlined.

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Published

2023-05-11 — Updated on 2023-03-01

How to Cite

M. A. Muneer, M. Arshad, G. Abbas, Maria Arshad, K. Munir, A. Iqbal, A. Mustafa, Q. Amin, M. A. Khan, R. A. M. Qureshi, Suhaila-al-Sheboul, F. Siddique, S. Tamim, I. A. Sheikh, Q. U. Ain, U. Mahboob, S. Jaffery, A. J. Tanveer, & Abdulbasit. (2023). INSIGHT OF PANDEMIC COVID-19: DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES. Pakistan Journal of Science, 75(1), 134–157. https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v75i1.831

Issue

Vol. 75 No. 1 (2023): Pakistan Journal of Science (March Issue)

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

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