HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE UTERUS OF INFERTILE SLAUGHTERED BUFFALOES

Abstract

Agribusiness is the foundation of Pakistan's economy as it contributes 18.9 percent
to the nation's GDP. Buffalo is a significant investor with a populace of 38.8 million heads. The
profitable characteristics of Nili Ravi wild ox are inimitable with some other buffalo breeds on the
planet, while the conceptive qualities are still nadir. The most widely recognized regenerative issues
experienced are postponed time of pubescence, helpless estrus articulation, low ripeness with AI,
deferred baby blues anestrous, and irregularity. These attributes have made it amazingly hard to
increase quick hereditary advancement in this variety. Conceptive biotechnologies assume a key job in
breed improvement by bypassing these obstacles. For this study eighty animals were selected and
slaughtered due to reproductive issues and reproductive tracts were collected from the slaughterhouse
and observe the tract grossly (texture and shape, any exudate, ovarian structures). Then cut the uterine
tissue sample with the size of 2 × 2 × 2cm was fixed in formalin 10% for histopathology. After
processing microscopy was performed to find histopathologic changes (Endometrial epithelium,
uterine gland, and inflammatory cells and caruncles status). The grading of animals is labeled as
Normal (-), Mild (+), Moderate (++), and Severe (+++) on basis of the degree of infection. The white
side test was negative for 40% of samples while 60% of animals are positive with different degrees of
affection. Endometrial epithelium erosion is absent in 31.43% of animals while 68.67% of animals
have erosions. Atrophy of uterine glands was absent in 41.43% of animals while 58.67% of animals
contained atrophy of glands. 11.43% of animals were negative for inflammatory cells while 88.66% of
animals were positive for inflammatory cells. 20% of animals had normal caruncles while 80% of
animals had swelled caruncles. Discharge was collected for the white side test from the cervix. 62.86%
of animals had serious discharge while 37.14% of animals had a purulent discharge. The color and
texture of the tract are divided into two categories pale and pale reddish with swelling. 54.74% had a
pale color while 45.26% had a pale and reddish with swelling. In conclusion, 60% of animals were
affected by endometritis including mild, moderate, and severe. Histopathological parameters and the
nature of exudate also showed a significant relationship with endometritis which was indicated by the
white side test. The treatment of endometritis should be done after the white side test before
insemination. In this way, we can improve reproductive performance and conception rate. Further
studies are warranted to perform the culture sensitivity test and treat the animals with intra-uterine and
systemic antibiotic therapy.