GIS BASED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF WINGLESS INSECTS INFESTING DOMESTIC POPULATION OF DOGS IN LAHORE, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Abstract

The intent of the present study was conducted (January, 2020 to December, 2020) to estimate the prevalence of wingless insects in dog population and to identify the potential risks factors in selected areas of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Results of the study revealed an overall prevalence of wingless insects 50.16% (1204/2400) in dogs of study area. Among various insects, fleas were found predominant (28.5%; 684/2400; P<0.05) as compared to lice (21.66%; 520/2400). Among the reported species 4 were wingless insects (Ctenocepahlides (Ct.) felis, Ct, canis, Linognathus setosus and Trichodectes canis). Breed, age and sex of host were not found to be related with risk factors (P>0.05) affecting incidence of wingless insects. These inscets effect different body parts differently as highest prvelance was noted at neck (15%) and back (11.5%) followed by abdomen (10%) and ear (7.4%).
Prevelence of the ectoparasites was found to be 6.2% at forelegs and 4% in congenital area, 4% around the shoulder and 6% around the hind legs, however, tail area was minimally affected (1.2%). Prevelance of Ct. felis was noted to be 35.96, Ct. canis 68.43%, Linognathus setosus 21.1% and Trichodectes canis 78.8%. Town wise incidences were found to be highest in Shalimar Town (62.91%) followed by Wagha Town (59.58%), Aziz Bhatti(59.16%), Data Ganj Bakhsh (55.41%), Nishtar Town (46.66%), Samanabad (44.3%), Iqbal Town (43.6%), Ravi Town (42%), Lahore Cantonment (41.6%) and Gulberg (40.4%). Rate of ectoparasites infestation was observed higher (P<0.05) in stray dogs (80.36%) followed by guard dogs (63.7%), hunting dogs (37.5%) and pet dogs (35.66%). Amongst the different seasons, rainy season showed higher lice prevalence (26.1%; 157/600), fleas (37.8%; 227/600), as compared to summer season and spring. Though, summer season was found to be unfavourable for the increase of almost all these insects. Comparative results of blood profile revealed significant difference (P<0.05) between non-infested and infested dogs, in the sort of lower value of infested/infected animals. To control the prevelance and ultimate effect of wingless insects on dog population applicable a well planned and control startegies as well as extension facilities should be arranged. Pet owners should be provided awareness about the significance of controlling the wingless insects to keep the pets and owner healthy.